Grafana - 开源监控可视化与数据分析平台,Go+TypeScript开发,Prometheus集成,多数据源仪表盘,告警通知

[用户浏览器（React UI）]
         │
         ▼
[Grafana Server（Go）]
    │          │
    ▼          ▼
[SQLite/MySQL/Postgres]
    │
    ▼
[Prometheus / Loki / InfluxDB / Tempo 等数据源]

docker run -d \
  --name=grafana \
  -p 3000:3000 \
  -e "GF_SECURITY_ADMIN_PASSWORD=your-password" \
  -e "GF_INSTALL_PLUGINS=grafana-clock-panel,grafana-simple-json-datasource" \
  -v ./grafana-data:/var/lib/grafana \
  --restart=unless-stopped \
  grafana/grafana-oss:latest

version: "3.8"

services:
  grafana:
    image: grafana/grafana-oss:latest
    container_name: grafana
    restart: unless-stopped
    ports:
      - "3000:3000"
    environment:
      - GF_SECURITY_ADMIN_USER=admin
      - GF_SECURITY_ADMIN_PASSWORD=your-admin-password
      - GF_USERS_ALLOW_SIGN_UP=false
      - TZ=Asia/Shanghai
    volumes:
      - ./grafana-data:/var/lib/grafana

  prometheus:
    image: prom/prometheus:latest
    container_name: prometheus
    restart: unless-stopped
    ports:
      - "9090:9090"
    volumes:
      - ./prometheus.yml:/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml
      - ./prometheus-data:/prometheus
    command:
      - '--config.file=/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml'
      - '--storage.tsdb.path=/prometheus'
      - '--storage.tsdb.retention.time=30d'

  node-exporter:
    image: prom/node-exporter:latest
    container_name: node-exporter
    restart: unless-stopped
    ports:
      - "9100:9100"

  cadvisor:
    image: gcr.io/cadvisor/cadvisor:latest
    container_name: cadvisor
    restart: unless-stopped
    ports:
      - "8080:8080"
    volumes:
      - /:/rootfs:ro
      - /var/run:/var/run:rw
      - /sys:/sys:ro
      - /var/lib/docker/:/var/lib/docker:ro

  loki:
    image: grafana/loki:latest
    container_name: loki
    restart: unless-stopped
    ports:
      - "3100:3100"
    command: -config.file=/etc/loki/local-config.yaml
    volumes:
      - ./loki-data:/loki

  promtail:
    image: grafana/promtail:latest
    container_name: promtail
    restart: unless-stopped
    volumes:
      - ./promtail-config.yml:/etc/promtail/config.yml
      - /var/log:/var/log:ro
      - /var/lib/docker/containers:/var/lib/docker/containers:ro
    command: -config.file=/etc/promtail/config.yml

volumes:
  grafana-data:
  prometheus-data:
  loki-data:

global:
  scrape_interval: 15s
  evaluation_interval: 15s

scrape_configs:
  - job_name: 'prometheus'
    static_configs:
      - targets: ['localhost:9090']

  - job_name: 'node-exporter'
    static_configs:
      - targets: ['node-exporter:9100']

  - job_name: 'cadvisor'
    static_configs:
      - targets: ['cadvisor:8080']

  - job_name: 'nginx'
    static_configs:
      - targets: ['nginx-exporter:9113']

# 1. 安装依赖
sudo apt install -y nodejs npm golang-1.22

# 2. 克隆仓库
git clone https://github.com/grafana/grafana.git
cd grafana

# 3. 安装前端依赖
yarn install --cwd web

# 4. 构建前端
yarn build

# 5. 构建后端
make build

# 6. 启动
./bin/grafana server

docker build -f Dockerfile -t grafana:local .
docker run -d -p 3000:3000 grafana:local

npx @grafana/create-plugin@latest
cd my-panel-plugin
yarn install
yarn dev

# CPU 使用率（排除 idle 所有核）
100 - (avg by(instance) (irate(node_cpu_seconds_total{mode="idle"}[5m])) * 100

# 内存使用率
100 - ((node_memory_MemAvailable_bytes{job="node-exporter"} / node_memory_MemTotal_bytes) * 100)

# 磁盘使用率
100 - ((node_filesystem_avail_bytes{mountpoint="/",fstype!="rootfs"} / node_filesystem_size_bytes) * 100)

# 网络接收速率
rate(node_network_receive_bytes_total{device="eth0"}[5m])

# 示例：CPU 使用率告警规则
expr: 100 - (avg by(instance) (irate(node_cpu_seconds_total{mode="idle"}[5m])) * 100) > 90

for: 5m

labels:
  severity: warning

annotations:
  summary: "主机 {{ $labels.instance }} CPU 使用率超过 90%"
  description: "当前 CPU 使用率 {{ $value | printf "%.2f" }}%"

TOKEN="glsa_your-token"
BASE="http://127.0.0.1:3000"

# 获取所有数据源
curl -H "Authorization: Bearer $TOKEN" $BASE/api/datasources | jq

# 创建 Dashboard
curl -X POST $BASE/api/dashboards/db \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer $TOKEN" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{"dashboard":{"title":"My Dashboard","tags":["test"],"timezone":"browser","schemaVersion":30,"version":1},"overwrite":false}'

# 搜索 Dashboard
curl -H "Authorization: Bearer $TOKEN" "$BASE/api/search?query=node" | jq

# 列出所有告警规则
curl -H "Authorization: Bearer $TOKEN" "$BASE/api/v1/provisioning/alert-rules" | jq

apiVersion: 1

datasources:
  - name: Prometheus
    type: prometheus
    access: proxy
    url: http://prometheus:9090
    isDefault: true
    editable: true

docker run -d \
  -e "GF_DATABASE_TYPE=postgres" \
  -e "GF_DATABASE_HOST=postgres:5432" \
  -e "GF_DATABASE_NAME=grafana" \
  -e "GF_DATABASE_USER=grafana" \
  -e "GF_DATABASE_PASSWORD=grafana" \
  grafana/grafana-oss:latest

server {
    listen 443 ssl http2;
    server_name grafana.example.com;

    ssl_certificate     /etc/ssl/cert.pem;
    ssl_certificate_key /etc/ssl/key.pem;

    location / {
        proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:3000;
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
    }
}

docker pull grafana/grafana-oss:latest
docker stop grafana
docker rm grafana
# 重新创建容器